Iziphazamiso zokuHamba

Kuye kwaqulunqwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula-hlula iingxaki zokuhamba: zinokuhlelwa ngokwenqanaba lobunzima benkqubo yemithambo-luvo - kwinqanaba eliphantsi, eliphakathi, neliphezulu; indawo yezilonda ze-anatomic (umz. i-cerebellar, i-frontal lobe njl.njl.); ngesizathu ( umz. isifo semithambo yegazi, i-degenerative parkinsonism, i-spinocerebellar ataxias) kwaye ekugqibeleni nge -phenomenology yayo yeklinikhi (umz. i-ataxia, i-parkinsonism, i-dyskinesia). Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kungahlelwa kancinci njengokuqhubekayo (okuvela nanini na xa isigulane sihamba) okanye okwenzeka episodic, okufana ne-festination kunye ne-freeze.

Uninzi lweziphazamiso ze-gait zinokufunyaniswa kwaye zihlelwe emva kokufumana imbali elungileyo kunye nokwenza uvavanyo olucacileyo lomzimba kunye ne-neurological kubandakanya ukubukela ukuhamba. Kwabaninzi, ukuxilongwa kunokuchaneka ngenxa yeepateni ezithile zokunyathela, njengesiseko esibanzi kunye nobude obuhlukeneyo kunye nesantya kwi-ataxic gait, ukucotha, amanyathelo amancinci okuxubha kunye nokunciphisa ingalo kwi-parkinsonian gait kunye nezo zibangelwa yi-spasticity, ubuthathaka kunye nokulahlekelwa kweemvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izizathu azicacanga kwaye zibonakala zithatha iimpawu zeentlobo ezininzi zeengxaki kunye nemvelaphi ye-anatomic (i-multifactorial gait disorders) okanye iyamangalisa ngokomlingiswa, kwaye ukuxilongwa akucaci. Ezinye zezo zineempawu ezingaqhelekanga zinokuba yi-etiology esebenzayo. 

Uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwi-ambulatory gait, i-gait mats okanye kwi-labhoratri ye-gait eyinkimbinkimbi iyathetheleleka ukuba ixilonge kwezinye iimeko, ngaphambi kokuba utyando luncede uxwebhu okanye ukuchonga ukukhubazeka, ukubhalwa kweenguqu ezifihlakeleyo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nemiphumo yonyango, nangona zisetyenziswa ngakumbi njengesixhobo sophando. Izixhobo ezinxitywayo zifumana umdla owongeziweyo wokuvavanya imiba ye-gait kunye nokuwa. Uvavanyo lwengqondo kunye nokuwa kwengozi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lwesigulane esinokuphazamiseka kwe-gait kubandakanywa nemingcipheko yangaphakathi nangaphandle. 

Ukunyangwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-gait kuxhomekeke kunobangela osisiseko. Kubalulekile ukuphonononga uluhlu lwamayeza esigulane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingxaki ayibangelwa ngamachiza, njenge-parkinsonism eyenziwe ngamachiza enxulumene ne-antipsychotics. Unyango kufuneka lubandakanye ungenelelo olusebenzayo lokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa onokuthi ubandakanye ezonyango (kwi-spasticity, i-dystonia, i-parkinsonism, okanye i-chorea), ungenelelo lotyando kunye nonyango lomzimba oludla ngokunikezelwa ngaxeshanye.

2026 Ihlaziywe okokugqibela yiBhodi yabaHleli beWebhusayithi

Ixhaswe nguNir Giladi, MD
UMlawuli, iYunithi yeMovement Disorder
ICandelo le-MD, iSebe leNeurology
Tel Aviv, Israel

Uhlaziyo luka-2019 oluxhaswe ngu:
Stewart Factor, DO
UMlawuli weNkqubo yeZiphazamiso zeMovement, i-Emory University School of Medicine
IAtlanta, i-GA, e-USA

UBrandon Barton, MD
UNjingalwazi oNcedisayo, iZiko lezoNyango leYunivesithi yaseRush
Chicago, IL USA